Friday Q&A: Relationship between Diet and Asana Choices, Sore Shoulders and Neck, and Practicing Yoga at Home

Q: I have been practicing yoga regularly for 20 some years and am approaching my 55th birthday. While I know my asana practice has been immensely helpful with my aging process I have still had trouble with a few issues: blood pressure, glaucoma, heart rate, fatigue. Lately I have been working with my diet and specifically cutting back and nearly eliminating alcohol (I do miss the occasional glass of wine), dairy, and a few other foods that seem to aggravate joint pain, heart palpitations, and lethargy. Some but not all of these choices line up with my doshic make-up (pitta/vata). Most of the choices come from Alejandro Junger's book Clean. I am curious about diet and asana choices for particular conditions related to age.

A: As a scientist who also studies aging, I am especially intrigued about how diet can influence lifespan and health. However, that is not something I want to discuss here, as I am not a nutritionist or trained in this area. It is also something that is hugely complicated, and some of the better scientific controlled studies are not done in humans, but rather in mice or other animal models. For example, I recently attended a symposium in Cape Cod in March on Metabolism and Aging sponsored by Cell Symposia and Elsevier (see here). Data is clearly emerging about how diets high in fat and/or cholesterol are contributing to metabolic dysregulation. But defining the precise molecular pathways that regulate and control our basic metabolism and how diet can contribute to age-related diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and hypertension, is still in its infancy. At this point I would recommend only common sense. You know, the stuff your grandma was supposed to teach you: eat in moderation and eat your vegetables. —Brad

A: To be honest, I’ve been dreading this question, but, sigh, I knew it was coming. Unfortunately, although it is commonly acknowledged that a “healthy” diet is an important aspect of healthy aging, there is so much controversy about what that healthy diet entails (dairy, for example, is recommended in some diets and not in others) that we have decided not to address this issue on our blog because a) we don’t have the expertise and b) diet doesn’t fall under our topic of “yoga for healthy aging.” In addition, none of us are experts in Ayurvedic medicine and we do not follow its dietary recommendations, so we are going to refrain from commenting on that as well. (Personally I think that is important to listen to your body; if some type of food has a negative effect on you and eliminating it doesn’t compromise your ability to get complete nutrition, then go for it.)

For your high blood pressure, heart rate, and fatigue, you may find the practices Baxter and I mentioned this week (mindful meditation, yoga nidra, and breath awareness) useful. And we’ll be sure to recommend more poses for each of those conditions as time goes on. —Nina

Q: Any suggestions for very sore shoulders/neck besides downward facing dog, twists and standing yoga mudra? 

There are two different approaches to relieving pain in your neck and shoulders. You can stretch them (as you have been doing) or you can relax them. A pose for stretching that shoulders and neck that can be particularly helpful if you’ve been sitting at a desk all day is a passive backbend over a rolled-up blanket or yoga mat.

Passive Backbend (from "Moving Toward Balance," Rodney Yee with Nina Zolotow)

If your head doesn't reach the floor in this pose, place a folded blanket or towel underneath it for support.

Baxter recommends dynamic movement to release the shoulders and neck, such as moving from Mountain Pose (Tadasana) with your arms at your sides to arms overhead (Urdva Hastanasa) with a slight backbend, following your breath.

A good pose for relaxing your shoulders and neck is Standing Forward Bend at the wall (sometimes called Wall Hang). This allows you to release your shoulders and neck with gravity. Here are two versions:

Wall Standing Forward Bend Version 1 (from "Moving Toward Balance")

Wall Standing Forward Bend Version 2 (from "Moving Toward Balance")

—Nina

Q: One of the major challenges for me is allowing myself time to do yoga practice at home. I feel so much better when I do, even a brief morning session, but I seem to find it very hard to give myself that space in my overly busy life. I realize this arises largely out of my own issues, but do you have any comments/suggestions besides trying to make it part of my usual routine, like brushing my teeth.

Congratulations on starting a home practice! Practicing at home is one of the best ways to do yoga for healthy aging because you can do what you need (rather than just hoping your teacher will be on the same wavelength that you are that day). Here are a few suggestions for motivating yourself to practice at home:

1. Start with a very short routine, maybe even just a single pose, so it’s not too overwhelming to contemplate. Your practice will build over time. 
2. You don’t have to practice in the morning if that doesn’t work well for you. Some people like to get it over with first thing, but others like to wait until they’re really in the mood, like in the afternoon or early evening. 
3. Find a practice partner. (I used to think that no one would ever want to come over to my house and practice with me, but I turned out to be very, very wrong.) 
4. Listen to music while you practice, wear your favorite perfume, pet your dog between poses, or do anything else that makes it a little more fun.

—Nina

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Accepting Reclined Leg Stretch

by Nina

An excellent time to combine acceptance with active engagement (as Baxter discussed in his post yesterday) is when you are doing yoga poses. By far, the healthiest and most effective way to do yoga poses is to cultivate an awareness of your body’s current state while at the same time actively working toward making changes to it, such as stretching or strengthening. This is one of the best ways to protect yourself from injury. And it also helps you reap the most benefits from your poses.

When I was trying to think of a pose that epitomized this need for both acceptance and active engagement, Reclined Leg Stretch pose (Supta Padangusthasana) sprang to mind. To be honest, that’s because every time I've taught the pose, I’ve seen people “cheat” (yes, I’m talking about you with the bent leg over there), a sure sign that the “acceptance” side of the equation is lacking.

Reclined Leg Stretch (Supta Padangusthasana) is a very beneficial pose because it revitalizes your legs while it eases tension in your lower back. It stretches your hamstring muscles and your hip joints, which is important for maintaining physical health if you sit at a desk or walk a lot. It is also helpful for lower back pain and maintaining a healthy back. And it’s a great way to begin a yoga practice or even to do as a “single pose practice.” Plus, you get to do it lying down! 

Baxter prescribes it for: 

• leg fatigue or weakness 
• lower back conditions 
• arthritis 
• knee pain 
• swelling of feet and ankles 
• maintaining flexibility of the legs and hip joints as you age

However, most people are too tight in their hamstrings to do the pose like their teachers or the pictures they’ve seen, so some (not naming any names here) cheat by bending the knee of their top leg or by lifting their pelvis off the floor in order to bring their toe closer to their head.

Can you do it like this? (From "Moving Toward Balance," Rodney Yee with Nina Zolotow)

But while cheating may make you feel more flexible, bending your top knee means that you won’t be getting the full hamstring stretch that’s so beneficial. So the next time you do this pose (and it’s a great one to practice at home), use a strap or belt around the arch your foot and hold the right side of the strap in your right hand, the left in your left hand. Now be honest with yourself. Is your upper leg truly straight? And is your pelvis resting evenly on the ground? If not, let your leg go until your knee is straight, your pelvis is even, and your leg reaches its natural angle (90 degrees or less, even much less).

Using a strap. (From "Moving Toward Balance," Rodney Yee with Nina Zolotow)

That’s the acceptance part. The active engagement part is to stay in the pose for 45 to 90 seconds and to practice regularly. Although we can’t promise it, there’s a very good chance that over time this pose will increase your flexibility, making many other poses more comfortable and enhancing your physical health.

Some helpful variations:

• If your head and shoulders aren’t resting comfortably on the floor, use a folded blanket under your head. 
• If you are so tight that it’s hard to hold your leg with a strap, do the pose with the bottom leg extending through a doorway and your top foot resting on the wall next to the doorway. 
• If you want to strengthen your bottom leg as your stretch the top one, you can practice with your bottom foot pressing against a wall.

Cautions: If you have lower back issues, you may need to keep your bottom leg bent. If you have wrist issues, you may need to change the way you hold the strap.

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What We Need to Practice

by Baxter

Cathedral in Progress by Brad Gibson

As I was enjoying Brad’s post from last week (he really cracks me up—smart and funny!), one statement jumped off the computer screen as I read it. Regarding confronting the inevitable course of aging, Brad stated, “We probably need to practice both acceptance and active engagement as we confront our own aging....”

Men Working on La Sagrada Familia by Brad Gibson 

As I thought about the acceptance part of that equation, it reminded me of an experience a friend of mine had while living for a while at an ashram in Northern California. In addition to the center’s own spiritual leader, there were often visiting teachers and gurus, and one visiting guru had a seemingly straightforward message that went something like this: “Everything is already okay!” Well, this message really seemed to resonate with the staff at the center, especially with the kitchen staff, who took it to heart, so much so that the dirty dishes started to pile up. After all, everything is already okay! Finally, the ashram’s main teacher had to remind everyone that, even though this idea was certainly true, especially as a concept found in many yoga lineages, we also have work to do in this lifetime.

Yoga posits an intriguing paradox that we each have a perfect, eternal quality already within us, sometimes referred to as the purusha or atman, and at the same time, we have a personal dharma or path to follow that requires active engagement in this lifetime. As a way of supporting the notion of healthy aging, I am able to “actively engage” in my life’s work as well as beneficial practices, such as yoga asana (poses) and pranayama (yogic breathing), that support the overall health and well being of my mind and body. And at the same time, I can access other yoga practices, such as mindful meditation and yoga nidra, where I am more involved in accessing the state of “being” as opposed to the state of “doing.” In these practices, I am able to tap into the acceptance part of the challenge of aging, and also this alluring concept that everything is already okay. We have come to discover through observation and research that this second set of practices (the acceptance practices), has very tangible benefits as well, including, to name a few, quieting the nervous system, lowering blood pressure, and supporting healthy digestion and immune function. For those of you not familiar with these practices, I would recommend the following books as an introduction:

• Full Catastrophe Living by Jon Kabat-Zinn, Ph.D., for information about mindful meditation 
• Yoga Nidra by Richard Miller, Ph.D., for information about yoga nidra (an audio CD with practice for you is included) 

More on active engagement next time!

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Stress Test

by Nina

Under the Beach Umbrella by Joan Webster 

“You did great,” my oral surgeon said. “In fact, you were the most relaxed patient I’ve ever worked on. You even fell asleep there for a while.”

“Wasn’t asleep,” I mumbled through my numb and swollen lips. “Was doing yogic breathing.”

He looked at me with fascination, then quickly handed me a piece of paper and a pen. “Could you write down what you did for me?”

“Uh, email you later?”

Of course I didn’t become so good at yogic breathing just so I could stay, uh, relatively relaxed during gum surgery (though it was certainly an interesting test of my skills). As someone who once suffered from agitated depression, I’ve been using yogic breathing, along with many yoga techniques, for many years to manage my stress levels for my emotional wellbeing.

Now it turns out that I’ve been practicing yoga for healthy aging while I was at it. Because I can tell you right now that along with exercise and diet, stress management is one of the most important keys to healthy aging. Chronic stress contributes to many common age-related diseases, such as high blood pressure and heart disease, and can cause a weakened immune system overall. It also affects the quality of your life. Possible effects of chronic stress include: chronic anxiety or depression, insomnia and/or fatigue, headaches, and digestive disorders.

And how does yoga help you manage your stress? Let me count the ways:

• breath practices and meditation trigger the relaxation response 
• inverted poses (and semi-inverted poses) physically reduce your stress levels 
• restorative yoga poses relax your body and quiet your nervous system
• active yoga poses (such as standing poses, twists, and backbends) release stress from your body and create a focus for your mind
• yoga philosophy teaches you to cultivate equanimity in the face of difficulty

Over time, I’ll be providing detailed information and instructions for techniques in each of these different categories. And I hope very much that you’ll find one or more that’s useful.

And in case you’re wondering, yes, I did eventually email my oral surgeon. Next time you’re in a dentist chair (or are lying sleepless in bed, need a break after a stressful day, or just want to experiment), maybe you can try:

Breath awareness. Focus your attention on your natural breath, observing how your abdomen or chest rises with your inhalation and falls with your exhalation. When your mind wanders from your breath (to the dental procedure or any other topic), simply, and without judgment, return your attention to your breath. It is natural to be distracted from this practice, but it seems to work even if your attention wanders repeatedly.

Focusing on your breath will enable you to keep your mind of neutral topics rather than stressful ones, and after 10 or 20 minutes, the relaxation response (identified by Dr. Herbert Bensen of Harvard Medical School in the 1970s) will be triggered. 

Extending the Exhalation. The heart slows during the exhalation (and speeds up during the inhalation) so extending your exhalation is a relaxing breath practice (and also provides the benefits of breath awareness above). Take a deep soft inhalation followed by a deep soft exhalation. At the end of the exhalation, instead of inhaling again, retain your exhalation for one or two beats. Repeat through the procedure. Keep it easy. At no time should there be strain. If needed, return to your natural breath at any time. 

During my procedure I did the second breath practice (extending the exhalation). But I’m very experienced with yogic breathing, and we generally recommend that beginners to start with simple breath awareness. 

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Clarification: Aging, Yoga and Science

by Brad

Winter Trees by Brad Gibson

Today’s post is largely in response to the question: How would one go about investigating the effects of yoga on aging scientifically? Before tackling this question—which I will get to in the next week or two—I will first attempt to define or at least discuss a few key terms and assumptions. The reasons for this will hopefully become clear.

In the broadest the terms, “aging” applies to how systems or entities change with time. To inanimate objects, such as your new car or jacket, this begins right after it’s manufactured or, more relevantly, after you bought it. This process of aging can be rapid or slow (weeks, months, or years), and depends a lot on what the object is and what it was designed for. In biological systems (including us), we typically think of aging as starting after development, or post-puberty in our case. We also tend to associate aging with a decline and/or loss of functions, both physical and mental. However, aging can include more positive properties or phenotypes, such as increased knowledge and skill sets, and it isn’t all that hard to name a few that fit into this category. But in most biological scientific studies of aging, we refer to aging mostly in the former sense, i.e., an accumulation of mostly pathological properties, such memory loss, frailty, neurodegenerative diseases, bone loss, muscle loss, and so on. Surprisingly there are quite a few competing theories of basic aging, such as error accumulation, telomere shortening, antagonistic pleiotrophy, free-radical theory, and entropy, just to name a few. What all (or most) of these theories seek to address is the underlying molecular and physiological event that drives these largely negative processes. 

The term “successful aging” is more recent, having come into wide use in the last few decades. If you want to read more about this concept, I found the first chapter in the book Successful Aging: Perspectives from the Behavioral Sciences by Paul and Margaret Baltes quite useful (for information see Cambridge ebooks). 

Even last week as I read the science section of the New York Times (see NY Times), I came across a short review of a just-published study on “Alcohol Consumption at Midlife and Successful Ageing in Women: A Prospective Cohort Analysis in the Nurses Health Study” (see PLOS). In this prospective correlative study, researchers at Harvard demonstrated that a modest increase in successful aging for women who consumed small, but regular amount of alcohol at mid-life. (Maybe a glass of wine after yoga class isn’t such a bad idea after all?). Here they defined "successful aging" in a more precise manner: "as being free of 11 major chronic diseases and having no major cognitive impairment, physical impairment, or mental health limitations." Of course, this more operational definition to successful aging made it easier to make clear and objective distinctions among the woman in this group, typical of population based epidemiological studies. 

When we chose the term ‘healthy aging’ for this blog, the purpose was to provide information not on just how practicing yoga might help to avoid or reduce your chances of acquiring one or more of these age-related losses, but also to better manage and minimize their impact when they occur. Indeed, this is the position most of us are in, whether is through the vagaries of our genetic background, chance, past behavior, or whatever. (This reminds me of the joke: Q: What’s the best thing you can do to insure a long life? A: Choose your parents well.) So as I go back and reconsider the original question on how science can study the relationship of yoga and aging, I will reframe this question a bit: How can science study the effects of yoga on our overall physical and mental health as we age? I’ll tackle this question next time…. But as a preview, there are few good places to start, including the 2009 pilot study in Lancet on comprehensive lifestyle changes and telomere length (a biomarker of aging and cellular senescence) and several recently funded NIH studies examining yoga’s effects on depression, fatigue, and menopause. 

And please leave any questions for the Friday Q&A in the comments.

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Mr ATM 2011–Full results

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Friday Q&A: Stretching, Science and Autoimmune Diseases

Q: I'm wondering to what extent, and at what rate, we should expect to be able to increase our flexibility as we continue to age. I've made significant progress over the years, and have generally learned how to be mindful enough not to overdo. However, every so often I overstretch without realizing it - whether it's my back trying to get a fuller forward bend, or my Achilles tendon while pushing the envelope. I'm in my 50s and have been doing regular yoga for about 5 years. It's made an immense difference in my core strength and balance and flexibility and I'm much less injury prone now. And yet, every so often, it's my yoga practice that puts me out of commission. 

A: Baxter and I discussed your question, and he agrees with me that there is no fixed extent or rate for increasing flexibility as we age, as this will differ from person to person. His advice is to maximize the effectiveness of your stretches while minimizing potential injury by holding your stretches longer rather than pushing harder. He mentioned that it takes at least 45 seconds to get your muscle to fully release. And my kinesiology teacher taught me that in order to change the resting length of the muscle (the length the muscle returns to after stretching), you need to stretch it for 90 seconds. So I use a timing of 90 seconds for many of my stretches. —Nina 

Q: Does yoga have any good stretches for a 60 year old stiff person?

A: Yoga has a very large number of poses that allow you to stretch a very wide variety of muscles, no matter how stiff you are. So the first question to ask yourself is: where exactly am I stiff? Some of us are stiff all over and some of us are flexible all over, but it turns out that many of us are flexible in some areas and stiff in others. Identifying which areas you need to stretch will help you chose the poses that will be most helpful to you. That being said, there are a couple of poses that we highly recommend for their versatility. Downward-Facing Dog pose is especially wonderful because it stretches your legs, hips, shoulders and arms, all at the same time.

If this pose is too demanding, you can do an easy variation, Half Dog pose (also called Right Angle pose). With your hands at shoulder-height on the wall or resting on the surface of a table, walk back so your hips are directly over your feet and your arms are parallel to the floor.

Baxter recommend that you warm up for these poses with some dynamic movement, such as swinging your arms above your head or moving your legs around in your hip joints. —Nina

Q: How would one go about investigating the effects of yoga on aging scientifically?

A: This question is intriguing and so important that Brad will devote an entire post to the subject sometime soon.

Q: Just curious about how autoimmune diseases are related to aging? Some seem to be inflammatory conditions I think, and that makes me wonder about allergies, yoga and aging. 

A: This is a very big and complicated question! And there’s no quick, simple answer, as the mechanisms behind many of these diseases (not to mention aging itself) are not fully understood. But Baxter says, “Not all autoimmune diseases are created equal.” Different autoimmune diseases arise at different stages in life, so not all are related to aging. Also, not all are related to inflammatory conditions. So that’s why we’ve decided that on this blog we’ll discuss the autoimmune diseases associated with aging individually, over time. Is there any particular disease that concerns you? 

We are going to try to do a Q&A every Friday, so keep the questions coming. You can leave a question in a comment or you can email us at nina@wanderingmind.com.

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Can't Begin to Tell You

by Nina Zolotow

Path in the Mist by Brad Gibson

It was an idyllic Sunday afternoon in Seattle, warm weather, blue skies, and the company of old friends. During a lull in the conversation, J asked me, “Nina, could you show me that yoga pose you told me about, the one for stress that you said anyone can do? And could you repeat what you told me about the relaxation response and how the pose helps trigger that?”

As I did my best to demonstrate Savasana (Relaxation Pose) with legs on a chair using the lawn and the outdoor furniture as my yoga props, I reflected on how many times I get asked questions like these by my friends. And while I quite enjoy explaining the basics to both friends and students, I’ve always wished there was a place where I could send people to look up the poses and practices when they are on their own. My hope now is for this blog to become that place, an ongoing resource of practices and information that I personally have found helpful over the years.

As a long-time yoga practitioner, I’ve been using my home practice for years to help me address my changing physical and emotional needs. I’ve learned to ask myself each day, “What is the best practice for me today? Do I need to stretch to make up for a day of hiking or do I need to do backbends to make up for day spent in front of a computer? Do my problematic shoulders need attention? Or do I need to do a calming practice to restore my equanimity after a stressful day?” When my mother was dying of cancer, I was able to spend a lot of time with her. But I also understood how important it was for me to stay strong and steady for the long haul. So after each visit with her, I would come home and spend 20 minutes in my go-to relaxation pose, Viparita Karani (Legs Up the Wall pose). I can’t begin to tell you how helpful this was for me (and I’m someone who in the past had terrible problems with anxiety and stress).

But what works for me won’t necessarily work for you. We all have different bodies, personalities, and needs. That’s why I’m hoping to make this blog very interactive, a place where you ask questions and request information, and where we can all learn together.

For those who are interested in trying the relaxation pose I was demonstrating to my friend in Seattle, here is a short video that’s pretty good. I have one quibble with it, however. If you pay close attention you’ll notice that although the teacher first says that the folded blanket should be at the base of the chair legs, she moves the blanket away from the chair legs just she goes into the pose. Do what she does not what she says, people! The blanket should be 6 to 12 inches from the chair legs, so that the angle of your thighs when you are in the pose is easy and comfortable, and so your calves can release and relax on the chair seat. If you find the blanket under your pelvis irritates your back, you can do the pose without it.

What I love about this pose (which goes by many names but which Baxter and I are calling “Easy Inverted Pose”) is that unlike most of the other inverted poses, which can be difficult or uncomfortable for some practitioners, almost everyone can do this one comfortably.

Tomorrow we'll have our first Q&A.

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Full Disclosure

by Brad Gibson

The Light on the Water (from Muir Beach) by Brad Gibson

Okay, so it took me ten years to finally listen to my wife Nina and take up yoga. I may be slow, but I’m not an idiot. So what was the epiphany? There were actually several. 

The first was listening to my wife Nina and Rodney Yee at a book signing in Los Angeles talk about how restricted most of us are in using and exploring our bodies. As adults we typically sit, stand up, walk, and lie down. That’s pretty much it. Compare this to our younger selves, where we rolled down hills on our bellies, spun ourselves so we were so dizzy we crumpled to the ground, and did handstands on the lawn. And all that just for the fun of it.

The second was attending a seminar given by a well-regarded scientist from the University of California San Francisco. Here I learned about the startling plasticity of the human brain, and its ability to rewire and reorganize itself based on various environmental and behavioral stimuli. One particular example struck me: that the regions in the brain that control movements to our fingers are spatially distinct and this spatial resolution and control can be lost if the hand is constrained in motion over long periods of time. These regions then shrink and become partially fused, resulting in the inability to use the hand in a way we are accustomed, and more like a paw. The good news was that this is largely reversible if the constraint is removed. The brain—along with the slow recovery of the hand —can then restore these neural connections. The significance to our aging brain and body was clear, both in a negative and positive sense. We must actively fight against the restricted physical activity that we impose on ourselves, as well as the loss of dexterity that is the result of this behavior. Otherwise, this can become a vicious cycle as we react to our aging bodies by imposing further restrictions to our movements, and our brain’s ability to control and balance these movements becomes diminished as a result. 

My third epiphany was a bit more vain, but important to me nonetheless. As I was attending a party in the Berkeley hills on a warm summer evening, I was struck by how many beautiful women were there. Now this party was not one of the faculty or science-type parties that I usually attend, but one made up of by yoga practitioners of many stripes and ages. But as I pondered this—admittedly over a few glasses of very good vodka and some really delicious food—I realized that these people held their bodies in a posture and poise that I was not generally accustomed to. They were not just physically fit, but healthy and vibrant. Okay, my wife did point out the next morning as I told this story that I not only didn’t have my glasses on, but was also pretty drunk by this point. Fair enough. But over the years—and under more sober conditions—I have found this observation to hold up pretty well. 

So as a scientist who studies the biology of aging and the many diseases that are associated with aging, I have come to my own personal conclusions on the importance of practicing a mind/body discipline like yoga. And as I approach my 59th birthday, the immediate realities of physical and mental loss become more apparent. And I am not one of those people who think I can avoid this. I do believe, however, that we have the capacity to regain some of theses age-related losses, and if not, at least slow down their progression. Regaining or maintaining a higher level of balance, physical dexterity, and cognitive function and resolution is therefore something that is attainable and has the capacity to make huge impacts on the quality of our lives. The aging component that works against all this and drives these declines, however, is scientifically and mechanistically poorly understood. This is what makes my scientific life and work so interesting. But as far as I can tell, the basic processes underlying human aging are largely inescapable, at least as we currently understand them. That doesn’t mean we can’t intervene or we have to give up, nor that some of the losses we associate with aging can’t be mitigated. We probably need to practice both acceptance and active engagement as we confront our own aging—part of the underlying philosophy of yoga that I am still struggling with. In any case, it can’t hurt to strive to feel better and think more clearly. There are few things that I would consider more important.

My primary interest in participating in this ongoing discussion on “yoga for healthy aging” is to examine evidence on how practicing yoga might intervene and in some cases reverse some aspects of the mental and physical decline we think of as normal aging. In doing so I have to first acknowledge that there is a lot of crap out there, and as a scientist I would want to bring rigorous and critical thinking to the process of evaluating these claims. Most published studies or claims just don’t stand up to rigorous scientific and statistical scrutiny because of poor study design, small sample size or the lack of good controls. But I also I don’t want to fall into the trap of constantly seeking to debunk or ridicule studies that attempt to establish a connection between yoga (or other related disciplines) and possible beneficial effects on aging or limiting age-related diseases. Rather, I’m more interested in trying to extract whatever useful information I can from these aging studies and see if it can be applied to improving one’s yoga practice.

And lastly, a full disclosure: I’m a firm believer in science. I am also a believer in western medicine, although with some qualifications. My concern with western medicine is that it can overreach itself at times and rely on vastly incomplete scientific knowledge in coming to diagnosis or treatments. Or worse yet, it can incorporate many cultural biases. That said, it’s by far the best and most successful form of medical practice that we have. I am also aware of limitations in the scientific method. Not so much as a philosophy or discipline, but rather from the standpoint of recognizing the difficulty of scientific inquiry in tackling highly complex phenomena or systems. And as complex biological systems go, humans are at the top. This makes it exceedingly difficult for scientists to predict, investigate or fully understand how we respond to various environmental, temporal and behavioral changes. And yes, yoga would fall under these latter categories, as would aging itself.

Despite all this, I believe there are important things that we can do that can impact and alter our aging status and overall health, and that yoga has the potential to be a key player in this process. Indeed, some reasonable information already exists on how yoga might lower blood pressure, or reduce muscle atrophy (sarcopenia), stress, or cognitive decline. These and other such topics will be ones that my colleagues and I will try and tackle.

Do any of you have questions for our scientist?

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Teaching a Man to Fish

by Baxter Bell

Having started out in the healing profession as a medical doctor, I always remember back to the times when patients presented with physical affects of aging. In those days, when my prescription pad was my only option, I felt I didn’t have many good tools for helping them. For example, when a patient would present with complaints of lower back pain related to arthritis, I would typically prescribe anti-inflammatory medication, rest, ice and heat, and possibly a few visits to a physical therapist. These days I find it much more effective to start with modified yoga practices and lifestyle modifications before moving on to a typical western treatment.

Yoga is a treasure chest of options, techniques and tools, some of which have developed over thousands of years. And these days, when people in my classes and therapeutic sessions present with difficulties that are the direct result of aging (such as arthritis, auto immune diseases, and high blood pressure), I feel like I can truly offer something of benefit. By giving my patients new skills for self care, including yoga poses, breath work, and meditation techniques, I am, as the Chinese proverb says, teaching them to fish:

“Give a man a fish and you feed him for a day. Teach a man to fish and you feed him for a lifetime.”

Through this blog I’m hoping to be able to help you the same way. I’m also excited about the topics we’ll be taking on for the personal impact the information will have on my own life. I have been practicing yoga coming up on 20 years now, and as I look around at my contemporaries in age and background, I get the impression that my health is better than most of theirs. But I have big questions about why this is happening. For this reason the current scientific research on aging is very intriguing to me. And the process of getting new information and digesting it, and then figuring out its applicability and validity is one that I love. I start to look at it with a critical eye to determine how beneficial it is both to my patients and myself, and then present it in a more realistic and accessible way. The blog will allow me to the share this ongoing process with you.

We'll be answering questions this week in a Friday Q&A post, so please ask any questions you have for me by leaving a comment. Tomorrow, Brad will hold forth.

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In the Kitchen

Mt. Tamalpais Above the Fog—Sometimes We Can Get There by Brad Gibson

It came to us while the three of us were in the kitchen, preparing a meal together and talking about how these days, as we age, our yoga practices are designed to address our changing needs and concerns: wasn’t it about time the three of us finally collaborated on a project? “Yoga for healthy aging,” Nina said. “And a blog would be a perfect way to start.” Baxter was concerned that we might not have enough material for an ongoing project, but Brad said, “No way. We’ll never run out of topics!”

You see, between the three of us, we have a wealth of special information and techniques we'd love to share with you.

Baxter Bell is an MD, a medical acupuncturist, and a long-time yoga teacher. Besides teaching regular asana classes, he specializes in yoga for back care and anatomy for yogis. He'll be recommending yoga poses and other practices for you that address various physical aspects of healthy aging, including strength, balance, flexibility, circulation and agility.

Brad Gibson is a professor at the Buck Institute for Research on Aging, where aging and age-related diseases are the sole focus of the institute. As more is discovered about the aging process, our understanding about how to support healthy aging with yoga will increase. Brad will help you keep in touch with the latest scientific discoveries, and we'll explain their connection to specific yoga practices.

Nina Zolotow is a yoga writer as well as a certified yoga teacher and a long-time yoga practitioner, and her special area of expertise is yoga for emotional wellbeing (including yoga for stress, insomnia, depression, and anxiety). She’ll be recommending yoga practices for cultivating equanimity because as we age, reducing stress is more important than ever, both for our physical health and our peace of mind. 

This week each of us will take a turn letting you know a little more about ourselves and why we decided to take on this project. After that, we hope to take requests! Below is a list of the general topics we are planning to take on. But please leave a comment if any you have any special questions or concerns you like us to address.

• strength 
• balance 
• flexibility 
• agility 
• circulation 
• stress 
• cognitive functioning 
• equanimity 
• specific age-related diseases (such as arthritis, high blood pressure, Parkinson’s, diabetes, etc.) 
• what is known (and what is not known) about the aging process 

Tune in tomorrow to hear from Baxter. 

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Interview with Paijar Upau–1 week before Mr ATM 2011.

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